![]() ![]() Considering soil fertility maintenance and fungal community survival and stability, the agroforestry systems achieved better results, and the ginkgo and wheat system was the best among the five planting systems we studied. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen explained 59.80% and 63.36% of the total variance in the fungal community composition in the topsoil and subsoil, and the available phosphorus also played a key role in the topsoil. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was correlated with the TN and AP, while the abundance of Basidiomycota was negatively correlated with the TN and NN. The dominant fungal phyla were always Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The agroforestry practices significantly altered the composition of soil fungal communities comparing with pure gingko plantation, adjacent cropland, and nursery. Our results showed that the agroforestry systems achieved better soil fertility and carbon contents. Here, a high-throughput sequencing method was applied to understand the fungal community structure distinction in ginkgo agroforestry systems and adjacent croplands and nurseries. Fungi play a primarily role in soil organic carbon and nutrient maintenance, while the response of the soil fungi community to land use changes is little explored. Agroforestry practices aim to achieve environmentally friendly land use. ![]()
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